What defines albinism?

Albinism is defined as a genetic condition that leads to an absence or significant reduction of melanin pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. This lack of melanin results from mutations in the genes responsible for producing the enzyme tyrosinase, which is crucial for melanin synthesis. Individuals with albinism often have very light skin and hair, and they may experience vision problems due to the role of melanin in eye development and function.

The correct answer highlights this fundamental aspect of albinism, emphasizing the genetic basis of the condition and its impact on pigmentation. This differentiation is significant in understanding various skin conditions, as albinism is inherently related to genetic factors rather than environmental causes or infections.