What is the result of the contraction of the arrector pili muscle?

The contraction of the arrector pili muscle results in goosebumps. This small muscle is attached to the base of hair follicles and, when stimulated by cold temperatures or strong emotions, it causes the hair to stand upright. This reaction is often referred to as "goosebumps," and it serves a purpose—historically it's thought to help with insulation in response to cold or to make the individual appear larger and more intimidating when frightened.

Goosebumps are a physical manifestation of the body's fight-or-flight response, triggered by the autonomic nervous system. The contraction of these muscles pulls on the hair follicles, causing the hair to stand up, which is a reflexive action rather than a result of hair growth or oil production. Consequently, while other options may pertain to bodily functions, they do not directly connect to the mechanical action of the arrector pili muscle.